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committee_introduction.png

Parliamentary Committees play a vital role in the Parliamentary System. They are a vibrant link between the Parliament, the Executive and the general public. The need for Committees arises out of two factors, the first one being the need for vigilance on the part of the Legislature over the actions of the Executive, while the second one is that the modern Legislature these days is over-burdened with heavy volume of work with limited time at its disposal. It thus becomes impossible that every matter should be thoroughly and systematically scrutinized and considered on the floor of the House. If the work is to be done with reasonable care, naturally some Parliamentary responsibility has to be entrusted to an agency in which the whole House has confidence. Entrusting certain functions of the House to the Committees has, therefore, become a normal practice. This has become all the more necessary as a Committee provides the expertise on a matter which is referred to it. In a Committee, the matter is deliberated at length, views are expressed freely, the matter is considered in depth, in a business-like manner and in a calmer atmosphere. In most of the Committees, public is directly or indirectly associated when memoranda containing suggestions are received, on-the-spot studies are conducted and oral evidence is taken which helps the Committees in arriving at the conclusions. 
The Committees aid and assist the Legislature in discharging its duties and regulating its functions effectively, expeditiously and efficiently. Through Committees, Parliament exercises its control and influence over administration. Parliamentary Committees have a salutary effect on the Executive. The Committees are not meant to weaken the administration, instead they prevent misuse of power exercisable by the Executive. It may, however, be remembered that Parliamentary control in the context of the functioning of the Committees may mean influence, not direct control; advice, not command; criticism, not obstruction; scrutiny, not initiative; and accountability, not prior approval. This, in brief, is the rationale of the Committee System. The Committees have functioned in a non-partisan manner and their deliberations and conclusions have been objective. This, in a large measure, accounts for the respect in which the recommendations of the Parliamentary Committees are held. 

संसदीय समितियां संसदीय प्रणाली में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती हैं। वे संसद, कार्यपालिका और आम जनता के बीच एक जीवंत कड़ी हैं। समितियों की आवश्यकता दो कारकों से उत्पन्न होती है, पहला कार्यपालिका के कार्यों पर विधायिका की ओर से सतर्कता की आवश्यकता है, जबकि दूसरा यह है कि आधुनिक विधायिका इन दिनों भारी मात्रा में बोझ से दबी है। अपने निपटान में सीमित समय के साथ काम करें। इस प्रकार यह असंभव हो जाता है कि प्रत्येक मामले की पूरी तरह से और व्यवस्थित रूप से जांच की जाए और सदन के पटल पर विचार किया जाए। यदि कार्य युक्तियुक्त सावधानी से करना है तो स्वाभाविक रूप से कुछ संसदीय उत्तरदायित्व एक ऐसी एजेंसी को सौंपनी होगी जिस पर पूरे सदन का विश्वास हो। इसलिए, सभा के कुछ कार्यों को समितियों को सौंपना एक सामान्य प्रथा बन गई है। यह और अधिक आवश्यक हो गया है क्योंकि एक समिति उस मामले पर विशेषज्ञता प्रदान करती है जो इसे संदर्भित किया जाता है। एक समिति में, मामले पर विस्तार से विचार-विमर्श किया जाता है, विचार स्वतंत्र रूप से व्यक्त किए जाते हैं, मामले पर गहराई से, व्यवसायिक तरीके से और शांत वातावरण में विचार किया जाता है। अधिकांश समितियों में, जनता प्रत्यक्ष या अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से जुड़ी होती है जब सुझाव वाले ज्ञापन प्राप्त होते हैं, मौके पर अध्ययन किया जाता है और मौखिक साक्ष्य लिया जाता है जो समितियों को निष्कर्ष पर पहुंचने में मदद करता है।
समितियां विधायिका को अपने कर्तव्यों का निर्वहन करने और अपने कार्यों को प्रभावी ढंग से, तेजी से और कुशलता से विनियमित करने में सहायता और सहायता करती हैं। समितियों के माध्यम से, संसद प्रशासन पर अपने नियंत्रण और प्रभाव का प्रयोग करती है। संसदीय समितियों का कार्यपालिका पर लाभकारी प्रभाव पड़ता है। समितियाँ प्रशासन को कमजोर करने के लिए नहीं हैं, बल्कि वे कार्यपालिका द्वारा प्रयोग की जाने वाली शक्ति के दुरुपयोग को रोकती हैं। तथापि, यह याद रखना चाहिए कि समितियों के कार्यकरण के संदर्भ में संसदीय नियंत्रण का अर्थ प्रभाव हो सकता है, प्रत्यक्ष नियंत्रण नहीं; सलाह, आदेश नहीं; आलोचना, बाधा नहीं; जांच, पहल नहीं; और जवाबदेही, पूर्व स्वीकृति नहीं। यह, संक्षेप में, समिति प्रणाली का औचित्य है। समितियों ने गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण तरीके से कार्य किया है और उनके विचार-विमर्श और निष्कर्ष वस्तुनिष्ठ रहे हैं। यह काफी हद तक संसदीय समितियों की सिफारिशों के सम्मान के लिए जिम्मेदार है।

Rajya Sabha possesses an organised system of Committees. Appointments, term of office, functions and procedure for conducting business in these Committees are regulated under the provisions of the Rules and directions given by the Chairman from time to time. 
The Committees may be classified as Ad hoc Committees and Standing Committees. 

Types of Committees

The second category of Committees, namely, Standing Committees may be divided in terms of their functions under four broad heads: 
1. Committees to enquire— (a) Committee on Petitions; (b) Committee of Privileges; and (c) Ethics Committee. 
2. Committees to scrutinise and control— (a) Committee on Government Assurances; (b) Committee on Subordinate Legislation; and (c) Committee on Papers Laid on the Table. 
3. Committees relating to day-to-day business of the House— (a) Business Advisory Committee; and (b) Rules Committee. 
4. House Keeping Committees— (a) House Committee; (b) General Purposes Committee; and (c) Committee on Provision of Computers to Members of Rajya Sabha.
The functioning of all Standing Committees except the Committee on Provision of Computer Equipment to Members of Rajya Sabha and the Committee on MPLADS are governed by the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the Council of States. 

Standing Committees

Out of the twenty-four Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees of both the Houses, the following eight Committees function under the direction and control of the Chairman, Rajya Sabha: (a) Committee on Commerce (b) Committee on Home Affairs (c) Committee on Human Resource Development (d) Committee on Industry (e) Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forests (f) Committee on Transport, Tourism and Culture (g) Committee on Health and Family Welfare (h) Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice The other sixteen Committees function under the direction and control of the Speaker, Lok Sabha. 

Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee

The Select/Joint Committees on Bills are constituted by the House(s) on specific motion moved by the Minister in-charge of the Bill or any member and adopted by the House to consider and report on Bills as referred to them from time to time. These Committees are distinguished from other ad hoc Committees, inasmuch as they are concerned with Bills and the procedure to be followed by them is laid down in the Rules of Procedure. They function under the directions and control of the Chairman.

Joint Committee

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