GOVERNMENT OF
MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
RAJYA SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3108
TO BE ANSWERED ON
Pregnancy related deaths
3108. SHRI
MAHENDRA MOHAN:
SHRIMATI MOHSINA KIDWAI:
Will
the Minister of HEALTH AND FAMILY
WELFARE be pleased to state:
(a) whether
Government is aware that an estimated 141,000 women die every year during
pregnancy or child birth in the country;
(b) whether
Government is also aware that poverty and poor nutrition resulting in high
levels of anaemia in pregnant women is one of the
reasons for these deaths;
(c) if
so, what has been done to provide nutrition and safe environment and hygiene to
the women in the healthcare centres particularly in
rural region; and
(d) what
has been done under NRHM in this regard particularly in Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh and
the details thereof?
ANSWER
THE M
(SHRI GHULAM
(a)
to (d): For estimates on maternal mortality, this
Ministry relies on the survey reports released by the Office of the Registrar
General of India (RGI). As per the latest estimates of Maternal Mortality Ratio
(MMR) from the (RGI) - Sample Registration System (SRS), the MMR of India is
254 per 100,000 live births (2004-06). However, absolute number of maternal deaths per year is not available from RGI.
The latest MMR translates into an approximate number of 67,000 maternal deaths
per year.
The causes of maternal deaths as per RGI-SRS
(2001-03) are Haemorrhage (38%), Puerperal Sepsis
(11%), Obstructed Labour (5%), Abortions (8%), Toxaemia of Pregnancy (5%) and Others
(34%). Causes listed as “Others” include Anaemia.
As per the National Family Health Survey
3 (NFHS III, 2005-06), the prevalence of anaemia is
higher in rural areas, among illiterate women, those from low income families
and from scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Details of N
The National Rural Health Mission
(NRHM) with the Reproductive and Child
Health Programme Phase II(RCH-II) under its umbrella,
launched by the Government of India in the year 2005, aims to improve access for
rural people, especially poor women and children to equitable, affordable,
accountable and effective primary health care, with a special focus on 18 States, which includes Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh,
especially to the poor and vulnerable sections of population with the ultimate
objective of reducing Infant Mortality,
Maternal Mortality and Total Fertility Rates.
NRHM also addresses the issue of health in a
sector-wide manner addressing sanitation and hygiene, nutrition and safe
drinking water at health facilities.
The key strategies and interventions being implemented by
the Government under NRHM for reduction of Maternal Mortality Ratio including
prevention and treatment of anaemia are:
Ø Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a cash benefit scheme to promote
Institutional Delivery with a special focus on Below Poverty Line (BPL) and
SC/ST pregnant women;
Ø
Operationalizing round the clock facilities for delivery services in
the public sector, at 24X7 PHCs and First Referral
Units (FRUs) including
Ø Augmenting the availability of skilled manpower by
means of different skill- based trainings such as Skilled Birth Attendance;
training of MBBS Doctors in Life Saving Anaesthetic
Skills and Emergency Obstetric Care
including Caesarean Section
Ø Provision of Ante-natal and Post Natal Care
services including prevention and treatment of Anaemia by supplementation with
Iron and Folic Acid tablets during pregnancy and lactation.
Ø Organizing
Village Health and Nutrition Days (VHNDs) at Anganwadi Centres which also includes health and nutrition education
to pregnant and lactating mothers.
Ø Providing Supplementary nutrition to pregnant and
lactating mothers at Anganwadi Centres
under the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) of the Ministry
of Women & Child Development.
Ø Appointment of an Accredited Social Health Activist
(ASHA) to facilitate accessing of health care services by the community
including pregnant women.
Ø Systems strengthening of health
facilities through flexi funds at Sub Centres,
Primary Health Centres (PHCs)
and Community Health Centres (CHCs).
……
ANNEXURE
Distribution of anaemia among
women by types (NFHS-III)
2005-06
|
Background |
%
of women with any anaemia |
Mild
Anaemia |
Moderate
Anaemia |
Severe Anaemia |
|
AGE-WISE 15-19 yrs |
55.8 |
39.1 |
14.9 |
1.7 |
|
56.1 |
38.5 |
16.0 |
1.7 |
|
|
30-39 years |
54.2 |
38.1 |
14.4 |
1.8 |
|
40-49 years |
55.0 |
38.9 |
14.1 |
2.0 |
|
RESIDENCE Urban Resident |
50.9 |
35.8 |
13.6 |
1.5 |
|
Rural Resident |
57.4 |
39.8 |
15.7 |
1.9 |
|
EDUCATION Illiterate |
60.1 |
40.8 |
17.2 |
2.1 |
|
High School & above |
44.6 |
33.9 |
9.9 |
0.9 |
|
CASTE / TRIBE Scheduled Caste |
58.3 |
39.3 |
16.8 |
2.2 |
|
Scheduled Tribe |
68.5 |
44.8 |
21.3 |
2.4 |
|
Other Backward Class |
54.4 |
38.2 |
14.5 |
1.7 |
|
Other |
51.3 |
37.0 |
12.9 |
1.4 |
|
MATERNITY STATUS Pregnant |
58.7 |
25.8 |
30.6 |
2.2 |
|
Breastfeeding |
63.2 |
44.9 |
16.6 |
1.7 |
|
Non pregnant /
non-breastfeeding |
53.2 |
37.9 |
13.5 |
1.7 |
|
RELIGION |
|
|
|
|
|
Hindu |
55.9 |
39.1 |
15.0 |
1.8 |
|
Muslim |
54.7 |
38.3 |
15.1 |
1.3 |
|
Christians |
50.3 |
32.0 |
16.2 |
2.2 |
|
Sikh |
39.2 |
27.6 |
10.3 |
1.3 |
|
Jain |
38.8 |
29.9 |
8.0 |
0.9 |
|
Buddhists/Neo-Buddhist |
52.5 |
35.4 |
15.2 |
1.9 |
|
Others |
71.7 |
49.5 |
19.9 |
2.3 |